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2015年12月6日 星期日

[醫如往常] Junior Clerkship Day 63-67: ER

20151130
林醫師
台大ER六分之一外傷
其他醫院三分之一外傷
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一個醫師一次看四十人
收入大約30
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檢驗費佔44%
暫留沒有
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救護車
台北四分鐘
雲林二十分鐘
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ICS; Incident command system


黃醫師
Transfusion
Routine normal saline 2000 cc


曾醫師
Pre oxygenation 1-2 min
WC gesture 扣面罩

Check balloon 15cc
Single valve
6-8s完成

stylet不要超過Murphy's eye

Laryngoscope不要裝反
不要頂門牙
看著聲門

進去22-24cm後移除stylet
超過變成one lung ventilation

check位置:
聽診胃, 雙肺

打氣球

楊醫師
EKG
leads
左黑右白
心紅
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PEA; Pulseless electrical activity鑑別診斷
5H6T
  1. Hypoxia/Hypoventilation
  2. Hypovolemia
  3. Hydrogenion; Metabolic acidosis
  4. Hyperkalemia
  5. Hypokalemia


  1. Toxin
  2. Tension pneumothorax (Deviation trachea; tympanic percussion)
  3. Cardiac tamponade
  4. Thrombosis,coronary
  5. Thrombosis, pulmonary
  6. Trauma

方主任
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沒有酸性利尿
amphetamine雖然是鹼性
但中毒→hypercatabolism, hyperthermia→仍然要alkalinization
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Organophosphorus intoxication→分泌物很多, 全身水水的
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Tonic solution毒蠻牛
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Formepizole
methamol甲醇(假酒)、乙二醇(抗凍劑)、氯乙醇(催芽劑)解毒劑
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Fab urine 代謝
Fc 免疫 macrophage切割後可能再度釋出
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Fasciculation抓大腿上臂可以感覺到

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PO2下降
1.Diffusion下降
2.FiO2下降
3.hypoventilation (溺水)
4.V/Q mismatch
5.shunt

PCo2上升
Only hypoventilation

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Quinidine-like type 1A blocker
治療

  1. NaHCO3
  2. Lidocaine
  3. MgSO4


陳教授
江醫師
林醫師

Case 1
No P wave?


  • PSVT: Sudden onset
  • Atrial flutter: 2:1 Fixation
  • Sinus tachycardia: Variated rate

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DDx
1.Esophageal lead
LA, P wave
放大atrium, 縮小ventricle
Catheter room借

V1 V2 intercostal

2.Carotid massage
Terminate->Sinus tachycardia
3P wave->QRS Terminate-> Atrial flutter

3.Adenosion
Terminate PSVT
Atrial flutter 幾個p之後terminate

錄下來協助診斷

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2顆quinidine兩小時2顆
  • Watch out Torsade de point

Atrial flutter
  • 多數是2,4,6:1
  • 隨著Rate 常常自己terminate
  • 電燒99%治癒

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Pulmonary hypertension
  • RBBB
  • Peak P
  • V1>1格
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Case 2 
VPC
VT
No p wave
Atrial fibrillation
Irregular QRS non-sustain VT
Af
Thyroid disease

Trazodone
  • Torsade de point VT
  • Prolong QT
不要amiodarone

精神科用藥
萬分之一

Check electrolyte

K調到>3.5(4)
To avoid Torsade de point

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Case 3

Four chamber dilatation(RVH, LVH, PH)
Atrial flutter fibrillation

Acute heart failure
Pulmonary hypertension
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AVR 檢驗上下接反
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RBBB with initial Q wave
Atrial septum infarction
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Multiple System Atrophy
一種CNS疾病
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Non sustain VT

Check Overdose
Aminophylline
Catecholamine
Beta agonist

Check Blood Gas
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Septal branch LBBB
Narrow QRS
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Alternative bundle branch block
一下左一下右

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Autoimmune
Myocardial fibrosis
沒有infarction卻有Q wave出現

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影像判讀
黃醫師
陳醫師
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Subphrenic abscess

Bilateral empyema
Mediastinum破出去

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Lung , kidney abscess 打anti
Multiple 做VAS

Pleural 要 active drain
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COPD, smoker
  • Pseudomonas
  • Legionella
Endobronchial lesion
Fixed Inspiratory Rhonchi
單一細支氣管


GGO
Crazy paving sign
PJP
Viral

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病例鑑別診斷分析
陳醫師
蔡醫師

201540
Back

Acute cholecystitis最常見
Salmonella
Adult asymptomatic
Constipation, rash



Rash
Meningococcus
Purpura, rapid progress

Leptospirosis, Weil's disease, second stage

Ebola
Ped.
Scarlet
Toxic shock
Pancytopenia
DIC
Intracellular pathogen
Hematology disease
Salmonella
Rocky mountain disease
Viral
HIV infectious mononucleosis like syndrome



201543
KUB caterpillar sign
Olive palpation
Metabolic alkaloidosis
Bird beak sign
Single bubble sign

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主任-批判思考能力
PICO
  • Patients, population: selection bias
  • Intervention: confounding factor
  • Comparison
  • Outcome

AJRCCM 美國胸腔學會

NHI Database
  • No lab
  • Only hospital mortality
  • ICD inclusion
  • No discharge information
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65656轉診服務中心
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蔡醫師
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GU; gastric ulcer
A1,2
H1,2
S1,2

Hemoclip

Active bleeding
看不到ulcer, 自費ppi

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EIS (endoscopic injection sclerotherapy)
EVL(endoscopic variceal ligation;)
Red color sign RCS
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Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
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黃醫師
Steroid induced contact dermatitis

機車車禍
Abcde
Exposure
Hyperextension 沒有骨折, 但有spinal cord concussion
過一陣子也許就好了, 觀察六小時

單側麻木CVA
NIHSS SCORE
低血糖
低血鈉
TIA觀察24小時